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Hardness of gems and jewels

Hardness is perhaps one of the most important features in a stone, especially those of the “gem” series, for no matter how colour, lustre, general beauty and even rarity may entitle a stone to the designation “precious,” unless it possesses great hardness it cannot be used as a gem or jewel.

Consequently, the hardness of [...]

Cleavage of minerals

By cleavage is meant the manner in which minerals separate or split off with regularity.

The difference between a break or fracture and a “cleave,” is that the former may be anywhere throughout the substance of the broken body, with an extremely remote chance of another fracture being identical in form, whereas in the [...]